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Autumn silkworm rearing methods and techniques
Autumn is an ideal season for raising multi-filament silkworms due to its moderate temperatures, which align well with their physiological needs. To ensure the successful rearing of autumn silkworms, it's essential to focus on four key aspects: thorough disinfection, proper mulberry tree management, balanced feeding practices, and environmental control.
First and foremost, effective disinfection is crucial. After multiple rounds of silkworm rearing in the first half of the year, pathogens tend to accumulate, increasing the risk of disease. Before starting a new batch, it's important to conduct comprehensive disinfection of the silkworm house, mulberry rooms, storage areas, and surrounding environments. You can use 1% available chlorine bleach solution or a mixture of 2% formaldehyde and 0.5% lime. Apply approximately 150–200 grams of the solution per square meter, keeping the area moist for at least 30 minutes. For formaldehyde, make sure to seal the room for 24 hours to maximize effectiveness. Don’t forget to disinfect not only the facilities but also tools like silkworm nets and chopsticks. Proper handling of sick silkworms and their waste is also vital to prevent the spread of diseases. Disinfection should be consistent throughout the entire sericulture process, following all safety regulations strictly.
Second, focus on improving mulberry tree health through proper fertilization and care. As autumn progresses, mulberry leaf production declines, and trees may struggle with drought and nutrient depletion. Timely weeding, soil loosening, and application of both organic and chemical fertilizers are essential. Apply about 1,500 kg of farmyard manure, 10 kg of urea, and 25 kg of compound fertilizer in two applications. A 0.5–1% urea solution can also be used as a foliar feed to boost leaf quality. Watering during dry spells and using straw or weeds as mulch helps retain moisture. Pruning and bending branches encourages new growth, ensuring a steady supply of fresh leaves for silkworms.
Third, plan your silkworm rearing carefully to balance food supply and consumption. Adjust the number of silkworms based on the availability of mulberry leaves. Use high-quality leaves, especially in the morning when they are most hydrated. Store young silkworms in bamboo containers and larger ones in stacked trays covered with thin plastic to maintain freshness. Feed silkworms according to their age—give them small amounts of tender leaves early on and more mature leaves later. This ensures efficient use of mulberry leaves, reduces waste, and increases overall productivity.
Finally, manage the silkworm environment effectively. In early autumn, watch out for the “autumn tiger†— periods of high heat that can stress silkworms. Ensure good ventilation, use water sprays, and keep the room cool. Later, focus on maintaining warmth and humidity, adjusting the temperature to between 25–28°C with a maximum difference of 2–2.5°C. Avoid sudden temperature changes, which can lead to disease outbreaks. Keep the silkworms well-fed, clean, and monitored. Remove weak or sick individuals promptly, and ensure even feeding and rest periods. A well-managed environment leads to healthier silkworms, better silk production, and higher yields.
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